Rain Water Harvesting in Thapathali Campus
Introduction:
Water supply problem is one of the major issues at urbanized areas of our country due to over population concentrated at major cities of Nepal and especially at Kathmandu valley including different government Campus. Due to which, students are facing directly or indirectly trouble in consumption of water. For this, we can take an example of Thapathali Campus where there is no proper water supply in toilet, workshop, laboratories etc. Most importantly, there is no source of safe drinking water as well. Therefore, Rain Water Harvesting system is the reliable solution regarding this problem, where we can store rainwater in container, tank by sand filtration process and we can use it for various purposes as required in the college. We can also filter it naturally or chemically and used for drinking purpose as well.
Water supply problem is one of the major issues at urbanized areas of our country due to over population concentrated at major cities of Nepal and especially at Kathmandu valley including different government Campus. Due to which, students are facing directly or indirectly trouble in consumption of water. For this, we can take an example of Thapathali Campus where there is no proper water supply in toilet, workshop, laboratories etc. Most importantly, there is no source of safe drinking water as well. Therefore, Rain Water Harvesting system is the reliable solution regarding this problem, where we can store rainwater in container, tank by sand filtration process and we can use it for various purposes as required in the college. We can also filter it naturally or chemically and used for drinking purpose as well.
Statement
of Problem:
We
are familiar with the water supply problem in Kathmandu valley since long period.
Thapathali campus that lies in the central of the Kathmandu cannot be escape
of it and students are facing problem in
consumption of water for its daily purpose even in the case of safe drinking
water as well. Rain Water Harvesting for Thapathali Campus project specially
focuses for utilization of rainfall water (mm) all over the Thapathali Campus
boundary and uses it for toilet, workshop, laboratories, drinking purpose etc.
which obviously help each student, staffs member, teacher etc. and helps to solve
the problem that the campus is currently facing due to the shortage of water.
Objectives:
From this project, we assure all of you that these aforementioned problems will be solved and solved efficiently.
. To supply adequate quantity to meet at least the minimum
needs of individual.
2 . To
provide adequate water to the students and faculties for drinking purposes.
3 . To
make provision for future demands due to scarcity of water in Kathmandu valley.
4 . To
prevent pollution of water at storage, canal, pond etc.
5 . To
design and maintain the system that is economical and reliable.
6 . To
supply water for gardening, plantation for eco friendly environment.
|
Problem Analysis:
-water deficient problem
-mismanagement of
water
|
|
Rainfall
Analysis:
-Peak rainfall season -Low rainfall season |
|
Survey the area by and prepare a general map of the area
|
|
Miscellaneous:
-Tank area management -Gutter management -Pipe and valve management |
|
Preparation of
reports and charts
|
Feasibility
Check:
-Economic -Catchment area samples -Availability of materials- |
|
Selection of the
best design by proper checks and comparisons
|
|
Water
collection Calculations:
-Flush water -Tentative water collection -Storage tank |
METHODS
OF RAINWATER HARVESTING:
There are mainly two types of rainwater
harvesting and they are listed below:
a) Surface runoff rainwater
harvesting
b)
Rooftop
rainwater harvesting
COMPONENTS OF RAINWATER HARVESTING
Commonly used
systems are mainly composed of three principal components namely:
a)
Catchment area
b)
Conveyance system
c)
Screening and first flush
d)
Collection tool
e)
Contamination Sources
a)
Contamination from
the Atmosphere
b)
Contamination from
the roof
c)
Contamination from
Gutter
d)
Contamination during
Storage
e)
Contamination during
maintenance
METHODS OF WATER TREATMENT:
a) Sedimentation
b) Filtration
c) Chlorination
d) Boiling
Rain Water or solar treatment
e) UV
Treatment
f) Ozone
Treatment
METHODOLOGY AND CALCULATION:
Field visits and data collection
Location: Thapathali Campus
Geographical
Location: Bagmati , Central ,Nepal ,Asia
Geographical
Co-ordinate:27043'0" North,85019'0"East
The site for the
project is located at Kathmandu Metropolitan city ward no.11, Thapathali and on
the way to the main road approaching from Old Bus Park to Thapathali Chowk
through Maitighar Mandala. The project site is approached through a 12m wide
black topped road and link to Thapathali Road in front of Nepal food
Corporation. The prominent land marks nearby sites are Maitighar Mandala,
Bhadrakali Army Headquarter.
The no. of students, teachers, and
hostellers, and water bills is obtained from the administration of Thapathali
Campus and the monthly rainfall data is obtained from Department of Hydrology
and Metrology.
a. Determination of water demand
No. of students = 1056
No. of teachers = 56
No. of hostellers = 55
No. of students excluding hostellers =1056-55
=1001
Water demand=
(1001+56)*10lpcd+55*65lpcd=5147 lpd
Measurement of water supply in existing taps:
No. of taps =3
Water bill per year = Rs.42,000
Water bill per month = Rs.42,000/12
= Rs.3500
Water bill per tap per month =
Rs.3500/3= Rs.1166.667
Minimum cost for 10 units water supplied
by KUKL = Rs150
cost for additional water =
Rs 1017
Cost for additional unit = Rs42
No of units =
24
total units per tap =24+10=34
total units =34*3=102
1 unit =1m3=1000ltrs
total water supplied by KUKL =102*1000ltrs=102000ltrs
b. Calculation of commercial water
supplied by the campus
Annual Tanker bill =Rs.20,000*12
=Rs.2,40,000
Price of 7000 liter tanker =Rs.1,500
No. of tankers purchased by the campus =2,40,000/1500
=160
commercial water supplied by the
campus = 11,20,000 liters
c. Total
water supplied by the college
Total
water supplied by the college =102000+1120000
=1222000ltrs
=1222m3
d. Water deficit annually =( 1852.2-1222)
m3
=630.2
m3
Firstly, area of roofs top of every
building is known with the help of topographical map of Thapathali Campus as,
|
SN.
|
DESCRIPTION
|
AREA, m2
|
|
1
|
A-BLOCK
|
2803.38
|
|
2
|
B-BLOCK
|
909.87
|
|
3
|
D-BLOCK
|
1019.13
|
|
4
|
E-BLOCK
|
515.41
|
|
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TOTAL
|
5247.79
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Calculation of storage
tank:
Fig :Storage required for 55 hostellers(65 LPCD)
Fig :Storage
required for remaining students, staffs
and teachers(10 LPCD)
Storage
Tank Analysis :
Storage
tank required for each Block= volume of water harvested*area of block/total area
|
S.No.
|
Block
|
volume
of storage tank
|
|
1
|
A- Block
|
1151.74
|
|
2
|
B-Block
|
373.81
|
|
3
|
D-Block
|
418.70
|
|
4
|
E-Block
|
211.75
|
Table 4: Volume of storage tank
required for each block
Model
analysis of A block:
|
Details
|
Value
|
|
Area
|
2803.38
m2
|
|
Annual Rainfall
|
1489.7 mm
|
|
Storage Volume
|
1151.74
m3
|
|
First flush Collection
|
20%(40mm)
|
|
PVC or GI pipes
|
50mm to 75mm (2.5”)
|
11. CONCLUSION
From
our analysis we came to know that total water demand of our campus is 1852.20m3
and total water supplied by our campus through water taps and commercial water
tanker is 1222m3 .Here seems the deficit of around 630.20m3.
And the total amount of rain water that can be harvested is 2156.40m3.We
have implemented block A (Area -2803.38 m2) of Thapathali Campus in
our project from which 1151.74 m3 of water is harvested. Similarly,
we can implement this same model for different block to harvest total 2156.40 m3
of water from whole block of Thapathali Campus.
References:
1.http://slideshare.com
2.Water supply engineering,Prof. MR.Dinesh
Bhatta
3. Feasibility Study on Rainwater Harvesting System for Thapathali
Campus By Sandhya Rai (069/BCE/268), Ujjwal Karna (069/BCE/292
) and et.al.
NOTE:THIS IS THE FILE REPORT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PROJECT OF RAIN WATER HARVESTING FOCUSED ON KATHMANDU,THAPATHALI REPRESENTED IN CIVIL EXHIBITION . THIS REPORT IS ORIGINAL COPY OF AUTHOR ITSELF .
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